Of mice and men - Criminal Justice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Of mice and men - Criminal Justice - Essay ExampleThus, in his mind, he did non think it possible to live without his rabbits, which he loved. However, to understand the reasons for which he could not stop himself from murdering Curleys wife, it is essential to look first at the factors that had made Lennie who he was.First, the events that led up to Lennies murder of Curleys wife show that it was not entirely his fault that he committed the act. To begin with, despite Lennie intercommunicate her to leave, she refuses and actually moves closer to him and places his hand on her head (Steinbeck 45), thus beginning the physical connection that eventually results in her death. She did this in the full knowledge that, this was a man who had crushed Curleys hand and, also killed a small puppy. In this case, it is possible to argue that Lennie was totally responsible for killing Curleys wife and, therefore, committing manslaughter. This is because he had killed a puppy just before Curle ys wife came into the barn (Steinbeck 42), while he had also been accused of rape when working on a farm in Weed and crushed Curleys hand. In essence, even though he does not fully understand his crimes, he is sensitive that he has done wrong as he flees the area and accepts that he has done wrong. Now, Lennie has murdered another person and, thus, needs to be jailed to hold dear other people, as well as himself.However, looking at it from another perspective, Lennie is not guilty of homicide because he is mentally handicapped and killing Curleys wife was not an intentional action. Although he is a grown-up, he is described as being child-like and not responsible for any of his actions. Lennie has shown that he at least has almost understanding about what bad behavior entails in the past. For instance, he is aware(p) that his rape in Weed was bad behavior, while he is also aware that killing the small puppy was a

Employment Law, First Examination (Essay Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Employment Law, First Examination ( - Essay ExampleTo be noted, mama Mia operates through a total of around 1000 employees, which is greater than the minimum required size to be classified as a Title VII included company, whereby the employees are protected under the provisions of the civic Rights Act (US Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964). Security, Inc. However, in doing so, she will have to prove few elements, which will choke her action of whistle blowing. Laws and elements that Jill needs to prove. In order to avail the benefits liable to her for whistle blowing against the sexual harassment she had to face in Momma Mia, Jill has to prove that she is an employee in the company and not an self-sustaining contractor by policy as was mentioned in her contract. In order to prove that she was an employee and correspondingly, justify the contractual term mugwump contractor as void, Jill needs to satisfy the 6 silk criteria as was dec lared in accordance to the case of Schultz v. Capital Intern. Security, Inc. No. 05-1192. 460 F.3d 595 (2006) (Leagle, Schultz v. Capital Intern). ... o share the profit/loss of the company depending on their managerial skills, which signifies the second silk factor and hence should be proved by Jill to obtain the legitimate rights in the case. The third silk factor states than an independent contractor and not an employee will have rights to invest in the resources to make the work done in the best interest of the company. As Jill did not make any such investment and also because no such clause was mentioned in her contract, she can prove that was an employee in Momma Mia. However, a critical understanding to the factors depict that the fourth and the fifth silk factors do not clearly advocate in favor of Jill but also do not oblige Momma Mia to suffice the conditions required to prove Jill as an independent contractor to the company. In the sixth silk factor, Jill can prove the s ignificance of her traffic role in the company as a public relations manager, which in turn would suffice her stance as an employee and not as an independent contractor to Momma Mia (Juffras, 2008). Jill can furthermore prove the cream process of the company, through which she was hired, as unjustifiable and irrelevant for the position on offer. In the selection process, the employers intended to select candidates on the basis of their physical appearances where the educational merits along with other professional skills commonly argued as mandatory for such a transaction role became decorative features. Additional preference to females rather than to males also indicates towards the fallacy of the selection process, which might turn the case in favor of Jill. Correspondingly, taking the receipts of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC), Jill can also file for privacy rights violation conducted by the employer in her interview

The Prairie is My Garden and The Old Settlers Essay

The Prairie is My Garden and The Old Settlers - Essay ExampleComparing these two artworks, it would be worthy to admit that the artist know to use almost the same background but the individuals depicted are absolutely different. Different is the weather, colors, and width of brush strokes. Both works are fantabulous and authentic. Both of them depict the character of their creator. Dunn himself was a son of homesteaders, probably this was a reason for his aspiration for painting prairies and small houses. There are houses placed not far away, on the line of the horizon. The line of the horizon lies upper than the middle part of the painting. The lines are clear, the prairie is performed with the help of the wide brush strokes, small details on people are more accurate. The shapes looks very natural, the plain prairie is connected with right angles of the houses and the roundish shapes of a woman and a girl. The heavy weight of a trim back is balanced with the light sky. The lightes t part of the painting is the sky. Overall impression of the painting is light. It is a day time and everything is rather light and bright, and the weather is good. The space is shown 3-dimensional due to the usage of the perspective houses seem to be small and people are big. Colors are mild, the balance is reached due to the composition of the ground and objects, the speech pattern is put on the human figures. The second artwork, The Old Settlers, also oil on canvas, depicts the two old people, a man and a woman, who are stand up near each other. They are also located in the prairie. .

IRAC Brief Essay Example for Free

IRAC Brief EssayAccording to join States regularise appeal territory of Massachusetts Civil work on 11-10313-GAO (2013), Anderson, Silva, Johnson and Funches contracted finished a limited liability company by the name of SLS to perform delivery services work on behalf of HDA (United States regulate Court District of Massachusetts, 2013).Plaintiffs CaseEach driver was wind with their truckTrucks provided to the contractors bore Sears LogoUniforms bore both Sears and HDA logosEach driver hired their helpers and nonrecreational their helpers directly Drivers worked full-time and completely for HDA (while downstairs contract) (United States District Court District of Massachusetts, 2013)HDAs ArgumentPlaintiffs contracted through SLS and non directly with HDA as individuals therefore, HDA should not be a litigant in this case Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 149, 148B is preempted by the Federal Aviation Administration Authorization Act, 49 U.S.C (See Case 111-cv-10313-GAO Document 9 9 Filed 12/30/13 Page 3 of 5) (United States District Court District of Massachusetts, 2013) IRACIssueThe issues below are the reasons this case has been brought to court. The court must provide the answers to these reasons in order to begin the rule assessment portion of IRAC (1) Were the plaintiffs (Anderson, Silva, and Funches) misclassified as independent contractors by HAD? (2) Were deductions taken from plaintiffs wages in usurpation of wage faithfulnesss?RulesBelow are the rules found in Mass. Gen. Laws ch. 149, 148B. These rules must be applied to the facts of the case to assess the fault or blameworthiness of the litigants. Below is cited via United States District Court District of Massachusetts Civil Action 11-10313-GAO (2013). (1) The individual is free from control and direction in connection with the (2) Performance of the service, both under his contract for the surgical process of service and in fact and the service is performed outside the usual course of the b usiness of the employer and (3) The individual is customarily engaged in an singly established trade, occupation profession or business of the same nature as that involved in the service performed. (United States District Court District of Massachusetts, 2013) coatingWhen looking at the mass general law 149 subsection 148B, we can apply the three stipulations of the law to the case against HDA violating this law. The plaintiffs in the case were acting solely for the purposes of HDA as a delivery service wearing both the seniors and HDA logos on uniforms provided to them. None of the drivers worked outside of the scope of work on subcontracts for any other provider other than HDA, and finally, each driver performed these duties under the direction of HDAs vision. It is clear in this case that circumstances are such that every appearance and performance of duties was done in a way to appear that they were solely employees of HDA in that HDA has violated Mass General Law on salary an d wages (United States District Court District of Massachusetts, 2013).When applying this to business setting the business entity hiring subcontractors must stipulate in a written contract as to whether the employee is to be treated as a subcontractor under a 1099 tax form or as a subcontract employee for the business. Under the assumptions made in mass general law 149 subsection 148B, subcontractors are deemed employees if they meet certain criteria within the law. This criteria is easily determined under general operating practices and business owners should be aware of these criteria before hiring subcontractors (United States District Court District of Massachusetts, 2013).Analysis/ConclusionPlaintiffs (Anderson, Silva, and Funches) were misclassified as independent contractors by HDA. It was found that deductions were taken from plaintiffs wages in violation of wage laws. Thus, findings were established through determining that HDA violated the law in place (Mass General Law on Salary and Wages). For the foregoing reasons, the plaintiffs Motion for Partial Summary Judgment as to liability against HDA (dkt. no. 65) is GRANTED. It is SO ORDERED.Business Managerial Setting ApplicationThere are numerous torts to consider when reviewing Anderson v HDA (1) Intentional Tort a well-mannered matter resulting in an intentional act of damages. (2) Unintentional Tort civil matter unintentional acts that results in economic loss, property damage, or animal(prenominal) injuries. (3) Property Torts occur when ones enjoyment of their private property is interfered with by either acts of trespass or illegal conversion of the private property. (4) Negligence a civil matter resulting damages due to the lack of care or duty that is owed. (5) Strict Liability Torts can be criminal or civil and culpability or finding of fault is not a factor, to name a few. The tort that is evident in the case of Anderson v HDA is an Unintentional Tort resulting in an act of economic loss. T he wage deduction and mis-classification of transaction status have led to the loss of wages and possible benefits to the plaintiffs and their helpers.The issues that arose in the Anderson v HDA civil causal agency could have been avoided by utilizing an effective risk management process for contracts review and management. Co-employment issues arise in the third party relationships due to the un liven, so it is beneficial to know as much as possible about all relationships that are encompassed for the work at hand. Understanding the Torts liabilities that can arise in the areas of contract nomenclature and negotiations will ensure that liabilities are managed early in the relationship building process. An effective way to manage this risk is to identify the gaps that may exist with employment status classification, ensure that necessary tax forms are completed, monitor direct partnership and obtain direct partnership attestations regarding their directrelationship with their con tractors. The next mistreat is to have an ongoing control mechanism in place to monitor regulations and update business checklist and standard operation procedures.ReferenceUnited States District Court District of Massachusetts. (2013). Civil Action 11-10313-GAO. Retrieved from United States District Court District of Massachusetts, website.

Greatest Speeches of All Time - Franklin Roosevelts Speech Essay Example for Free

Greatest Speeches of All Time Franklin Roosevelts Speech EssayIn his first paragraph, Roosevelt states that he is certain that his fellow Americans expect he will address them with honesty and a decision which the great deal will push for state of ward. He also states that this is the distinguished time to speak the truth. That Americans should not cut from honestly facing conditions in their countrified today. America will endure as it has endured and will revive and flourish. So first of all, he will control his firm belief that the only thing they have to fear is fear itself- unjustified terror which stops needed efforts to transform retreat into advance. He makes a point about how values have shrunken dramatically as taxes have risen, ability to pay has fallen, the government is faced by diminishment of income, exchange convey are frozen in trade, the industrial enterprise is falling (withitherd leaves), farmers cannot sell produce, savings of families are gone and ther e are loss to be more unemployed citizens. He speaks about how America doesnt have the problems they once had with loss of produce and how our forefathers conquered and that Americans should appreciate it.He says that the country has many resources and shouldnt waste them, like leaders have wasted resources before, whether it was because they stubborn or just plain dumb, they have passed on these habits to their future rulers. He acknowledges that they have tried, but their efforts were in vain. They have only ever proposed the lending of money. People before him have not had the choice to lure raft to go along him by using money promises they resorted to persuading the people through pleading tearfully for restored confidence.These people had no vision and only knew the rules of a generation of self-seekers, and with this vision people perish. He acknowledges that social values are more important than money values and that is where the restoration should begin. He also acknowled ges that money doesnt bring you contentment but the joy of achievement does. He also acknowledges that the joy and moral side of work no longer need to be forgotten in the chase of diminishing profits.He also states that recognition of material wealth being the standard of success being a false idea going hand in hand with the abandonment of the false belief that earth office and political position are to be valued only by the standards of pride of place and personal profit, also that there must be an end to the wrong doing to the citizens who trust in banking and in business. If the nation is to be restored both ethics must be changed and action must be taken.He recognises action needs to be taken so that more people are in the workforce and are able to get into the workforce. He states that we must recognise that most of the population lives in the city and that the land should be put to better use. This can be achieved by raising the value of agricultural products and with this power to purchase the output of cities. It can be helped by preventing the catastrophe of the growing loss of small homes and farms. It also helped by insistence that the federal, state and local governments act on demand to have their costs reduced.If national cookery for supervision of all forms of transportation and communication were in place it would also help. He states that it cannot merely be helped by talking about it and actions must be put in place quickly. He states that to return to the safeguard of work there must be strict supervision of all banking and credits and investment, there must be end to speculation with other peoples money and there must be provision for an adequate but auditory sensation currency. He goes on to explain how he will fill his duties in a fulfilling way.The event the wrangle addresses The event the speech addresses was Inauguration Day, 1933. This marked the beginning of a four year term. On this day there was a swearing in ceremony whic h consisted of Roosevelt taking an oath of office and delivering a speech. This speech outlined that Roosevelt understood that the American Constitution had proved itself as an enduring modern political mechanism and how Roosevelt planned to ease the effects of the Great Depression. compose of Franklin RooseveltFranklin Delano Roosevelt was born in 1882 at Hyde Park, New York. Hyde Park (New York) is most famous for being the hometown of Roosevelt and his grandfathers home is located near the Riverview Circle of the Hudson River. He was born as the only child of James Roosevelt and Sara Ann Delano Roosevelt. He was born into a family of riches and the sense of self importance. He was educated by tutors and governesses and his upbringing was far disparate from the common people.In 1896 he attended Groton school for boys where he found it hard to fit in as most of the boys excelled at athletics era he did not. After graduating in 1900, Roosevelt attended Harvard University and Colu mbia Law School but in 1907 he passed the bar exam yet didnt play a degree. In 1905, on St. Patricks Day he married Eleanor Roosevelt, his fifth cousin, niece of Theodore Roosevelt, also his fifth cousin. Theodore Roosevelt was Franklin Roosevelts idol and Roosevelt aimed to follow in his footsteps.Theodore Roosevelt became commander-in-chief in 1901 after William McKinley was assassinated and president in 1904 after winning second term. Roosevelt won a seat in the New York senate in 1901. He was soft on(p) with Polio in 1921, but not many people knew exactly how paralysed he was as he was never seen in a wheelchair. He fought to recollect the use of his legs though hydrotherapy. Franklin Roosevelt was the only president to be elected four times. Roosevelt had become the 32nd President of the united States in 1933.In 1935 many members of the public were against Roosevelts New Deal program even though the Nation had received some measure of recovery as national product went up an d unemployment went down. The New Deal program was a series of domestic programs enacted in the United States between 1933 and 1936. Roosevelt was re-elected in 1936 by a huge margin. Roosevelt had pledged the United States to the good neighbour policy, when France fell and England came under siege in 1940, he began to send Great Britain all possible aid short of actual soldiery involvement.Hopes of keeping America out of the war ended on December 7, 1941 when Japan attacked Pearl Harbour. Roosevelt helped in the area of advising military personnel and did this successfully in 1942 in an invasion on South Africa, in 1943 in both Italy and Sicily and followed by the D-Day invasion in Europe in 1944. During this time Roosevelt also promoted the institution of the United Nations (UN). Also in 1944 Roosevelt had been tested and diagnosed with many problems but despite this he ran for president with his running mate Harry S.Truman who he nominated as his senator and won 36 of 48 states , yet again becoming president. In February, 1945, Roosevelt attended the Yalta Conference which was held to discuss after-war reorganisation with British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and Soviet General Secretary Joseph Stalin. Roosevelt died on the afternoon of April 12th in 1945, as the World War II came to a close from a cerebral haemorrhage. His transient shocked America even though people knew he looked exhausted in photographs and news reels, no one was prepared for his passing.Historical Analysis Roosevelts presidency had forever changed the United States and the way it was run. He led a country through the Great Depression, as well as the greatest war in human history, and his social programs during the Great Depression have redefined the role of government in Americans lives. He established the United States leadership on the creative activity stage through his role in World War II. The 12 years he spent in the White House had redefined liberalism and set a precedent for the expansion of presidential power for future generations.

The Cause Effect Of Green Electronic Products Marketing Essay

The Cause Effect Of Green Electronic Products Marketing Essayat once there is suppuration concern for environmental tender carrefour because of the environmental issues faced by the world. Industries, factories, fume emitting t alone chimneys, vehicles, household appliances heaps of garbage and extreme taint lose altered the environmental conditions and disturbed our biome. Chloroforo carbons from refrigerators, air conditioners, deodorants, etc be responsible for(p) for depletion of ozone layer Green house gases akin carbon dioxide, methane, etc are contributing to the spherical warming. Government, companies, industries are taking initiative to reduce this pollution for our healthy living and to a fault for our future generations. Owing to this fact companies are producing environmental friendly harvest-feasts which in change form help in reducing pollution and help in delivery environment.The most important solid ground why one should use Eco-friendly intersec tion points is because of the lay xerox to effect of harmful gases, non-biodegradable plastics, dangerous gases which non altogether pollutes the environment but likewise causes respiratory problems, skin diseases, etc in human beings. Due to this polluted water supply and air there is a danger of complete extinction of various rare species of animals and birds. on that point are lots and lots of harmful effects of plastics, chemicals, non biodegradable items, which is the main reason to start using Eco friendly products as soon as possible. And non only that we should also start changing our lifestyle like usage of air coolers only when there is at most need of it, using jute bags or paper bags instead of plastics covers, taking up drinking amnionic fluid in safe utensils rather than plastic bottles, making the pollution check regularly in our vehicles .Eco-friendly products stool slowly and slowly entered e truly market considering cosmetics, medicines, electronics, pain ts, automobiles, manufacturing machines, voguish city concept and more. Companies not only produce eco-friendly products but they also take a leak eco-friendly packaging, eco-marks on packages. Measures have been taken by government, companies to produce eco-friendly products which in turn slowly and slowly reduce the impact of pollution on our environment. Eco-friendly has several meanings. There was a time when you were eco friendly if you just stopped using paper. entirely the description of eco friendly products changed over the times. In more youthful times, if you used predominantly natural products, or their derivatives, you were using eco friendly products. However, today, the definition has broadened more. Today, you are eco friendly not just by using eco friendly products, but also by taking care that the environment is not harmed in any office by the way you are using these products. Although the meaning has changed but the essence is same as before, one has to be f riendly to the environment.The domain of eco-friendly product is very wide so I have restricted my research to the household electronic products which are used by consumer on daily basis. This include television, rinse machine, microwave, CFLs, AC, refrigerators, etc. People deal with these products daily and hence they push aside easily tell some these products. What are the factors they prefer before buying these products?The project conceptualizes the recent market trend of third estate electronic products and consumer buying characteristics. To understand the meaning of eco-friendly electronic and what people think eco-friendly electronics are. Eco-friendly electronics are expensive, and then also companies are manufacturing them, what are the various factors why companies manufacture eco-friendly electronics. What makes todays customer to go for eco-friendly electronics, is it only to save the planet or some early(a) reason. every last(predicate) much(prenominal) questi ons will be answered in this paper.Explain in 4-5 sentence the approach adopted by you and results/findingsA distinct approach and questionnaire would be helpful for the evaluation of electronic consumer products, blush though some usability questionnaires claim to be relevant to products other than computer software. Current usability questionnaires also seem to measure various usability dimensions, but the dimensions are not necessarily identical across questionnaires. Thus, the exploration of the available questionnaires provides a sound background to the breakment of the questionnaire items for this study.LITERATURE REVIEWWhile viridity merchandise came into prominence in the late 1980s and early 1990s, it was first discussed much earlier. The American Marketing Association (AMA) held the first workshop on Ecological Marketing in 1975. The proceedings of this workshop resulted in one of the first books on parking area marketing entitled Ecological Marketing (Henion and Kin near 1976a). Since that time a number of other books on the topic have been published (Coddington 1993, and Ottman 1993). Green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities, including product modification, changes to the production process, packaging changes, as well as modifying advertising. (Polonsky, 1994) World-wide evidence indicates people are refer about the environment and are changing their doings accordingly. As a result there is a growing market for sustainable and soci wholey responsible products and services. (Environmental encourageion agency -2000) Green consumerism is often discussed as a form of pro-social consumer conduct (Wiener and Doesher, 1991). It may be viewed as a specific type of socially conscious (Anderson, 1988) or socially responsible (Antil, 1984) consumer behavior that involves an environmentalist (Schlossberg, 1991) perspective and may thus be called environmentally concerned consumption (Henion, 1976). A classic definition (Henion, 1976) de scribes environmentally concerned consumers. Business organizations tend to concern about environments issues due to several reasons such as environmental air pressure, governmental pressure, competitive pressure, cost or profit issues (Environmental protection agency -2000) Unfortunately, a majority of people believe that green marketing refers unaccompanied to the promotion or advertising of products with environmental characteristics. (Polonsky,1994) and terms like Phosphate Free, Recyclable, Refillable, Ozone Friendly, and Environmentally Friendly are some of the things consumers most often associate with green marketing. . (Polonsky, 1994) While these terms are green marketing claims, in general green marketing is a much broader concept, one that can be employ to consumer goods, industrial goods and even services (Roberts and Bacon, 1997).Hopes for green products also have been hurt by the perception that such products are of lower quality or dont authentically deliver on t heir environmental promises. And yet the news isnt all bad, as the growing number of people willing to pay a premium for green products from organic foods to energy-efficient appliances attests. (DSouza et al. 2004)Green or Environmental Marketing consists of all activities knowing to generate and facilitate any exchanges intended to gratify human needs or wants, such that the satisfaction of these needs and wants occurs, with stripped-down detrimental impact on the natural environment. Polonsky 1994b, 2 Green marketing has not lived up to the hopes and dreams of many managers and activists. Although public opinion survey consistently cross-file that consumers would prefer to choose a green product over one that is less friendly to the environment when all other things are equal, those other things are rarely equal in the minds of consumers. (Hackett, 2000)They must always keep in mind that consumers are unlikely to compromise on tralatitious product attributes, such as conv enience, availability, price, quality and performance. Its even more important to realize, however, that there is no single green-marketing strategy that is right for every union. (Prothero,, and McDonagh, 1992) Despite the increase eco-awareness in contemporary market economies, it is generally recognized that there are still considerable barriers to the diffusion of more ecologically oriented consumption styles. In lay discourse as well as in much of consumer research, these barriers are usually attributed to the motivational and practical complexity of green consumption (Hackett, 2000). change magnitude use of Green Marketing is depending on five possible reasons. (Polonsky 1994b)Organizations perceive environmental marketing to be an opportunity that can be used to gain its objectives Keller 1987, Shearer 1990Organizations believe they have a lesson obligation to be more socially responsible Davis 1992, Keller 1987,Governmental bodies are forcing firms to become more respons ible Davis 1992Competitors environmental activities pressure firms to change their environmental marketing activities Davis 1992Cost factors associated with waste disposal, or declines in material usage forces firms to modify their behavior Keller, K.L. (1993Moreover, environmentally responsible behavior usually involves difficult motivational conflicts, arising from the fundamental incompatibility of environmental protection- colligate collective goals and individual consumers personal or self-interested benefits and the resulting free-rider problem (Wiener and Doesher, 1991) Public policymakers will continue to develop more efficient ways to regulate waste and pollution, and scientists will continue to gather information about the environmental risks from various substances or practices. As they do, impersonate structures will evolve that communicate even more accurate information to manufacturers and entrepreneurs about the true cost of commercial activities and the potential rewards from innovative solutions to environmental problems. This definition incorporates much of the traditional components of the marketing definition that is All activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchanges intended to satisfy human needs or wants (Schlegelmilch et al,1996). There are usually severe external constraints to green consumerism, arising from the cultural, infrastructural, political and economic circumstances in the markets and society (McIntosh, A. 1991). Both individual and industrial are congruous more concerned and aware about the natural environment. In a 1992 study of 16 countries, more than 50% of consumers in each country, other than Singapore, indicated they were concerned about the environment (Ottman 1993). A 1994 study in Australia found that 84.6% of the try believed all individuals had a responsibility to care for the environment. A further 80% of this sample indicated that they had limited their behavior, including their purchasing beh avior, due to environmental reasons (EPA-NSW 1994).Owing to the conceptual and moral complexity of ecologically responsible consumer behavior and to the perplexity of ecological information, different consumers have different conceptions of ecologically oriented consumer behavior and, thus, myriad ways of acting out their primary motivation for being green consumers (Antil, 1984). These innovations arent being pursued barely to reduce package waste. (Prothero, 1990) Food manufacturers also want to improve food preservation to enhance the taste and freshness of their products. The cost of the foods would be lower consumers could have sex the convenience of pre-sliced ingredients, and waste peelings (Prothero, 1990). It can be assumed that firms marketing goods with environmental characteristics will have a competitive improvement over firms marketing non-environmentally responsible alternatives. There are numerous archetypes of firms who have strived to become more environmentall y responsible, in an attempt to better satisfy their consumer needs. (Schwepker, and Cornwell, 1991) While governmental regulation is designed to give consumers the opportunity to make better decisions or to motivate them to be more environmentally responsible, there is difficulty in establishing policies that will address all environmental issues. (Schwepker, and Cornwell, 1991). Hence, environment-friendly consumption may be characterized as highly a complex form of consumer behavior, both intellectually and morally as well as in practice.RESEARCH OBJECTIVEThe purpose of this research is to investigate the cause effect of green electronic products consumption in India. What are the factors responsible for the manufacturing of eco-friendly electronics? What makes companies to for green marketing? What are the factors that make customers buy such eco-friendly electronics. How aware consumers are about the green electronics? Also understand the meaning of eco-friendly electronics. Do these green electronics actually are green?The OBJECTIVES of the research areTo explore analyze the driving force behind green marketing in Electronic productsThis objective states the reason why companies are going for green marketing although it is very expensive. Today in the market we can see many products which have the eco-friendly constituent, electronics, cosmetics, automobiles, manufacturing machines, paints, etc all have some eco-friendly component. What are the factors which have forced the companies to go for such strategy? This is studied through the secondary research from magazines, newspaper, brochures, pamphlets, articles, case studies.To study the consumer buying behavior towards green electronic productsThe consumer buying behavior for electronic product is studied and objective is to find the impact of environmental friendliness, consumer awareness for green electronics and what are the parameters which consumer prefer before buying the electronics. Also stu dy the impact of eco-friendly electronics on consumer buying behavior. This is studied through the survey of consumers.Major Hypothesis (s)H0 Current trends indicate the careen of customers towards environmental friendly electronic productsH1 Current trends does not indicate the inclination of customers towards environmental friendly electronic productsRESEARCH METHODLOGYThe project work includes the collection of entropy about the electronics companies, their various products including eco-friendly, environmental policies, eco-labels used by companies. Also customers are survey through a questionnaire, to know the consumer buying behavior towards green electronics and also check their awareness towards eco-friendly products.Methodology UsedTYPE OF RESEARCH Exploratory Research, Descriptive ResearchI have collected Secondary Data from Internet, magazines, newspapers, articles, brochures, and company websites.GREEN MARKETINGGreen marketing is a concept which uses the environmental benefits of a product or service to promote companys sales. Todays consumers choose products that do not damage the environment over less environmentally friendly products, even if they cost more. With green marketing, advertisers focus has shifted on environmental benefits to sell products such as biodegradable diapers, energy-efficient light bulbs, and environmentally safe detergents.People spend billions of dollars worth to buy goods and services every year-many of them harm the environment in how they are harvested, made, or used. Environmentalists are supporting green marketing to encourage people to use environmental alternatives, and also twirl incentives to manufacturers that develop more environmentally beneficial products.Without environmental labeling exemplars, consumers can not tell which products or services are truly beneficial. Consumers end up paying extra for misrepresented products so called green product or service. Then new term greenwashing came into existenc e which describes such cases where organizations misrepresented themselves as environmentally responsible.Environmentally desirable products as products and services which have lesser or reduced effect on human health and the environment around them when compared to other products and services that serve the same purpose. The label environmentally preferable or environmental friendly considers various scenarios like how raw materials are acquired, produced, manufactured, packaged, distributed, reused, operated, maintained, and this also include how the product or service is disposed. Today, special labels are there which help the public identify legitimate environmentally preferable products and services. Several environmental groups or committees are there to evaluate and certify products and services.According to the American Marketing Association, green marketing term is defined as the marketing of products that are presumed to be environmentally friendly and safe. As a result, green marketing incorporates a broad range of activities, which includes product modification, production process changes, changes in packaging, as well as modifying advertising. Defining green marketing is not a simple task as several meanings intersect and contradict each other Environmental Marketing and Ecological Marketing can also be used and are synonyms for green marketing.Green marketing is considered as a golden goose. As per Mr. J. Polonsky, green marketing can be defined as, All activities designed to generate and facilitate any exchange intended to satisfy human needs or wants such that satisfying of these needs and wants occur with minimal detrimental input on the national environment.Environmental issues the product intends to addressConsumer is the king in todays market and its important that he should understand environmental issues prevailing. Today the focus is on global warming and resource consumption. Issues related to pollution and contamination of air, water, and soil, are serious issues in developing economies. Waste disposal is also a major issue.Global warming preventionHelps reduce emissions of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide. This initiative includes the direct reduction of greenhouse gas emissions as well as energy saving and the reduction of deforestation.Air/water/soil pollution preventionHelps reduce emissions of substances contained in the air, water, and soil, such as photochemical oxidants (e.g., nitrogen oxides) and suspended particulate matter (e.g., sulfur oxides), which are substances restricted by environmental standards including air pollution control laws. This includes products that contribute to preventing ozone depletion and product oxidization. The clean-up of air/water/soil pollutants is also included.Chemical substance reductionHelps reduce and clean up eco-toxic chemical substances harmful to humans and the environment. These chemicals include substances undertake by laws that identify the environmenta l impact created by emissions of specific chemical substances and that promote better management of such substances. This includes the reduction and purification of hazardous substances by cycle and reuse as well as products containing low levels of or no hazardous substances.Waste reductionHelps reduce the final disposal volumes by changing products, manufacturing processes, and packaging. This includes waste weight/volume reduction within the circulation system.Resource savingHelps reduce the consumption of resources, such as mineral, forest, and water resources. This includes resource saving by reuse and recycling as well as resource saving in products and the manufacturing process.BiodiversityThe product contributes to the conservation of biological diversity, through a sustainable use of the components in the eco-system and promotes the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising out of the utilization of genetic resources.How does the product address environmental issues?T his explains how the products support environmental impact reduction. The sept is subdivided to provide comprehensive support for various environmental measures widely exercised at present. This clarifies whether resource saving is achieved through enhanced product performance, longer product life, or improved product recyclability.Recyclability/reusability/refill-abilityRaw materials can be find, processed, and recycled for reuse. Alternatively, they can be recycled efficiently by using designs that are easily disassembled. Reusable and refillable designs may be used in packaging and products.Long lifeWith long-life designs, enhanced durability, and continued performance with repairs and maintenance, product life can be prolonged, confidential information to the reduction of raw materials and waste.Degradability/compost-abilityProducts, packaging, and their components are biodegradable and produce substances that are relatively homogeneous and stable. They can also be degraded t o a degree under trusted conditions within a predetermined period of time.High quality/performanceProduct quality and performance improvements enable environmental impact reduction, subsequently leading to material and waste reduction.Energy savingEfficient process designs and product weight reduction enable energy saving. This initiative includes the use of energy recovered instead of disposal.Environmental clean-up productsThe use of hazardous chemical substances in product manufacturing is reduced through the development of alternative materials, etc. or the use of the product helps clean up hazardous substances.Using recycled materialsRecyclable materials (pre- and postconsumer) are recovered and recycled materials are used in the manufacturing process, either entirely or in high volumes.Eco LabelsMany products and services come with environmental labels that state product features to inform and appeal to consumers. They certify that items are environmentally friendly according to standards independently set by countries, regions, organizations, and providers.The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) classifies environmental labels into Type I, Type II, and Type III and environmental labels are then given based on compliance certification, producers self-declaration of commitment to environmental preservation, and the verification and disclosure of valued environmental impact data. Additional environmental labels are awarded under standards and criteria of other bodies. In appendix to environmental labels, other initiatives are intended to raise consumers environmental awareness, including the creation of databases where self-assessed products may be registered.Type I (ISO14020, ISO14024) Seal of approval-compliance approval. description Type I labels are managed in accordance with the standards and principles of the ISO. This system ensures that the use of the label is accepted by a third party based on an independent, multifaceted stan dard. The standard covers the entire product life (resource extraction, manufacturing, distribution, use, disposal, recycling). The submitted products are assessed for approval and if successful are awarded the Type I label.ExamplesType II (ISO14021) Single attribute-producers self-declaration of commitment to the environment Description Product providers independently incorporate environment-related improvements in their products. There is no intervention by any third party.ExamplesType III (ISO14025) Report card-verification and disclosure of quantitative environmental impact data Description Type III labels are managed in accordance with ISO14025 (environmental declarations). They use the life cycle assessment (LCA) method to show environmental information on products quantitatively from resource extraction to manufacturing/assembly, distribution, use, and discarding/recycling. Only the reliability of disclosed data is verified and product evaluation is left to consumers.Examples opposite environmental labelsThere are other environmental labels apart from those of the ISO. Various environmental labels have been created in many areas including the consumer electronics industry and automotive industry.Driving forces for organizations to go for green marketingOrganizations perceive environmental marketing to be an opportunity that can be used to achieve its objectives.Organizations believe they have a moral obligation to be more socially responsible. Governmental bodies are forcing firms to become more responsible.Competitors environmental activities pressure firms to change their environmental marketing activities.Cost factors associated with waste disposal, or reductions in material usage forces firms to modify their behavior.OPPORTUNITIESAll types of consumers, both individual and industrial are becoming more concerned and aware about the natural environment. In a 1992 study of 16 countries, more than 50% of consumers in each country, other than Singapore, indicated they were concerned about the environment. A 1994 study in Australia found that 84.6% of the sample believed all individuals had a responsibility to care for the environment. A further 80% of this sample indicated that they had modified their behavior, including their purchasing behavior, due to environmental reasons. As demands change, many firms see these changes as an opportunity to be exploited. It can be assumed that firms marketing goods with environmental characteristics will have a competitive advantage over firms marketing non-environmentally responsible alternatives. There are numerous examples of firms who have strived to become more environmentally responsible, in an attempt to better satisfy their consumer need. McDonalds replaced its dollar shell packaging with waxed paper because of increased consumer concern relating to polystyrene production and Ozone depletion. Xerox introduced a high quality recycled photocopier paper in an attempt to satisfy the demand s of firms for less environmentally harmful products.This is not to imply that all firms who have undertaken environmental marketing activities actually improve their behavior. In some cases firms have misled consumers in an attempt to gain market share. In other cases firms have jumped on the green bandw pastn without considering the accuracy of their behavior, their claims, or the effectiveness of their products. This lack of consideration of the true verdure of activities may result in firms making false or misleading green marketing claims.SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY GREEN MARKETINGMany firms are beginning to realize that they are members of the wider community and therefore must behave in an environmentally responsible fashion. This translates into firms that believe they must achieve environmental objectives as well as profit related objectives. This results in environmental issues being integrated into the firms corporate culture. Firms in this situation can take two perspectives They can use the fact that they are environmentally responsible as a marketing tool orThey can become responsible without promoting this fact.There are examples of firms adopting both strategies. Organizations like the Panasonic heavily promote the fact that they are environmentally responsible. While this behavior is a competitive advantage, the firm was established specifically to offer consumers environmentally responsible alternatives to conventional electronic products. This philosophy is directly tied to the overall corporate culture, rather than simply being a competitive tool. An example of a firm that does not promote its environmental initiatives is Voltas. They have invested large sums of money in various recycling activities, as well as having modified their packaging to minimize its environmental impact. While being concerned about the environment, Voltas has not used this concern as a marketing tool.GOVERNMENTALPRESSUREAs with all marketing related activities, governme nts want to protect consumers and society this protection has significant green marketing implications. Governmental regulations relating to environmental marketing are designed to protect consumers in several ways,Reduce production of harmful goods or by-productsModify consumer and industrys use and/or consumption of harmful goods orEnsure that all types of consumers have the ability to evaluate the environmental composition of goods.Governments establish regulations designed to control the amount of hazardous wastes produced by firms. Many by-products of production are controlled through the payoff of various environmental licenses, thus modifying organizational behavior. In some cases governments try to induce final consumers to become more responsible. For example, some governments have introduced voluntary curb-side recycling programs, making it easier for consumers to act responsibly. In other cases governments tax individuals who act in an irresponsible fashion.COMPETITIVE P RESSUREAnother major force in the environmental marketing area has been firms desire to maintain their competitive position. In many cases firms observe competitors promoting their environmental behaviors and attempt to emulate this behavior. In some instances this competitive pressure has caused an entire industry to modify and thus reduce its detrimental environmental behavior. For example, it could be argued that Xeroxs Revive 100% Recycled paper was introduced a few years ago in an attempt to address the introduction of recycled photocopier paper by other manufacturers. In another example when one tuna manufacture stopped using driftnets the others followed suit.COST OR PROFIT ISSUESFirms may also use green marketing in an attempt to address cost or profit related issues. Disposing of environmentally harmful by-products are becoming increasingly costly and in some cases difficult. Therefore firms that can reduce harmful wastes may incur full-blooded cost savings. When attemptin g to minimize waste, firms are often forced to re-examine their production processes. In these cases they often develop more effective production processes that not only reduce waste, but reduce the need for some raw materials. This serves as a double cost savings, since both waste and raw material are reduced. In other cases firms attempt to find end-of-pipe solutions, instead of minimizing waste. In these situations firms try to find markets or uses for their waste materials, where one firms waste becomes another firms input of production.

Chemistry Essays Essential Fatty Acids

Chemistry Es verbalises Essential fat AcidsA discussion on the role of essential dipper irates in human health.Introduction Fatty acids argon important components of lipids (fat-soluble components of living cells) in plants, animals, and microorganisms. Generally, a dipper acid consists of a straight hydrocarbon image and a terminal carboxyl (-COOH) group. It is the carboxyl group that makes it an acid. If the carbon-to-carbon bonds be all single, the acid is saturated if any of the bonds is double or triple, the acid is unsaturated and is more reactive. The physical properties of fatty acids are determined by chain length, degree of unsatuproportionn, and chain branching.This essay focuses on the role of essential fatty acids, i.e. fatty acids that must normally be present in the diet of veritable animals including man. These acids occur in body structures, especially the different membranes inside and around cells, and cannot be synthesised in the body from other(a) fats. Essential fatty acids all receive double bonds at the same two positions along their hydrocarbon chain and so can act as precursors of prostaglandins, thromboxanes and leukotrines. Deficiency of essential fatty acids can b exhaust dermatosis, weight loss, irregular oestrus etc. Table 1 shows the intimately important natural fatty acids.AcidNumber of Carbon AtomsNumber of doubling BondsSaturated acidsButyric40Caproic60Caprylic80Capric100Lauric120Myristic140Palmitic160Stearic180Arachidic200Behenic220Monounsaturated acidsPalmitoleic161Oleic181Erucic221polyunsaturated acidsLinoleic (w6)182a-Linolenic (w3)183g-Linolenic (w6)183Arachidonic (w6)204Eicosapentaenoic (w3)205Docosahexaenoic (w3)226Table 1 The most important natural fatty acids.Omega-3 (w3) Omega-6 (w6) fatty acids The Western DietThere is an absolute requirement for a dietetical wasting disease of w3 and w6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), because of their role in constructing cell membranes, and also as precursors for the prostaglandins and other eicosanoids. In fact, w3 fatty acids are particularly prevalent in the brain, retina, and spermatozoa, in which docosahexanoic acid (see table 1) constitutes approximately 36.4% of total fatty acids.The two parent compounds, which are considered to be dietary essentials, are linoleic acid (w6) and a-linolenic acid (w3). These two can brook chain elongation and further desatu balancen to yield arachidonic acid (w6) and docosahexaenoic acid (w3) respectively, which are both precursors to two families of prostaglandins. There is no requirement for a dietary tooth root of the longer chain PUFA, but they are potentially desirable in the diet, since their formation from linoleic or linolenic acids is a rate-limiting step.So, what is the desirable level of w3 and w6 fatty acid intake and does the western diet meet this level? Ideally, the body requires a near balanced intake of both w3 and w6 fatty acids since the eicosanoids derived from w3 fatty acids select opposing metabolous properties to those derived from w6 fatty acids. Omega-3 fatty acids, on the one hand, have anti-inflammatory, antithrombotic, antiarrhythmic, hypolipidemic, and vasodilatory properties. For example, they have the ability to make blood thinner by reducing platelet accrual (this is particularly beneficial in reducing blood clots and stroke). They also play an important role in the changeover and pr planetion of human diseases, particularly coronary thrombosis heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and renal disease, and there is strong evidence that w3 fatty acids are essential for human development from infancy onwards. On the other hand, w6 fatty acids promote platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction, as well as increasing blood viscosity and bleeding time.The western diet is far richer in w6 fatty acids than w3. This is due to the gaind intake of w6-rich foods such as cereals, fried foods, baked foods etc. In fact, in todays western diet, the ratio of w6 t o w3 fatty acids ranges from 20-301 instead of the traditional, and optimum, range of 1-21. This means that the eicosanoids produced from the metabolism of w6 fatty acids are formed in greater amounts than those derived from the w3 fatty acids, specifically eicosapentaenoic acid. The result is an increase in allergies, inflammation, type 2 diabetes, and the formation of thrombi and atheromas. This explains why cardiovascular diseases are far more prevalent in the west. Consequently, people should be encouraged to eat more w3-rich foods (such as cold-water fish, flaxseed, rapeseed etc) in order to make the ratio more even.Figure 1 shows the relationship between the ratio of w6 to w3 fatty acids in dietary lipids in the Indian diet and the prevalence of type 2 diabetes. It is clear that, as the ratio of w6 PUFAs to w3 PUFAs increases, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes also increases.Figure 2 Data obtained from Raheja BS, Sadikot SM, Phatak RB, Rao MB. Significance of the n-6/n-3 ratio for insulin action in diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993, 683, 258-7.As far as cardiovascular diseases are concerned, a more even w6 to w3 ratio (i.e. greater w3 fatty acid intake or decreased w6 intake) has been shown to contribute to keeping cholesterol low, stabilising arrhythmia, and keeping blood pressure low.Fatty Acids, Inflammation Autoimmune DiseasesOmega-3 PUFAs, in particular eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid, have been shown to have potent immunomodulatory effectuate. Some of the effects of w3 PUFA are induced by modulation of the amount and types of eicosanoids made, and other effects are triggered by alternative mechanisms that do not involve eicosanoids, for example actions upon intracellular signalling pathways, transcription factor activity and gene expression.Eicosapentaenoic acid (w3) competes with arachidonic acid (w6) for the enzymatic metabolism (by cyclooxygenases) that results in prostaglandin formation. The eicosanoid metabolites of eicosapenta enoic acid produce fewer inflammatory and chemotactic derivatives than the arachidonic acid metabolites. Therefore, increasing the dietary intake of w3 fatty acids reduces the likeliness of inflammation.Omega-3 fatty acids have also been shown to slow down the production of interleukin 1 (IL-1b) by suppressing the IL-1b mRNA, as well as the Cox2 (cytooxygenase) mRNA that is induced by IL-1b. Cox2 is overexpressed in colon cancer cells. Furthermore, research also suggests that a high dose of a-linolenic acid can suppress the formation of Tumor Necrosis element (TNF), which is implicated in causing some of the pathological responses that occur in inflammatory conditions. Hence, it appears that by improving diet management, and ingesting more w3 (as opposed to w6) fatty acids, we could importantly reduce inflammatory disorders and the 40% of cancers that are caused by diet alone. Managing autoimmune and inflammatory conditions in this way is clearly beneficial since it eliminates man y of the side effects associated with the available drug therapies.Fatty Acids and Mental HealthGiven the fact that around 60% of the brain is composed of fat, it is not surprising that the organ require w3 fatty acids to function properly. There is evidence that links mood disorders with low concentrations of w3 fatty acids in the body. According to certain theories of depression, w3 fatty acids help to regulate genial health problems by improving the ability of the brains serotonin (5-HT) receptors to understand mood-related signals from other neurones. These theories are being investigated further.ConclusionEssential fatty acids have justifiably been linked with a plethora of health issues affecting society at large today. What is most evident is that, in the western world, we are failing to ensure that we make optimum use of the benefits that w3 fatty acids have to offer. In order to benefit more, we must take action to balance our intake of w3 and w6 fatty acids. At present, the balance is tipped too greatly towards w6 fatty acids. Consequently, heart disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes, depression, inflammatory disorders, cancer etc are on the increase. That is not to say that w6 fatty acids are totally bad for us the body requires reasonable amounts for the purposes of vasoconstriction etc. The ratio of w6/w3 essential fatty acids can be improved by reducing our intake of w6 fatty acids from vegetable oils and increasing our intake of w3 fatty acids from foods such as oily fish, leafy green vegetables, wild game etc.What is clear is that new benefits of w3 fatty acids are being discovered every day. This is evident from the masses of literature on the subject. But it is one thing to detect about the benefits of w3 fatty acids and a completely other to use this information effectively. This is the area that needs to be addressed.REFERENCESJournal Articles Referred to in the textNeuringer M et al., biochemical functional effects of prenatal and pos tnatal omega-3 fatty acid deficiency on retina and brain in rhesus monkeys, Proc Natl Acad USA 1986, 83, 4021-5Connor W.E., Importance of n-3 fatty acids in health and disease, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2000, 71(1), 171-5Simopoulos A.P, Essential fatty acids in health and chronic disease, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1999, 70(3), 560-569Raheja BS, Sadikot SM, Phatak RB, Rao MB. Significance of the n-6/n-3 ratio for insulin action in diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1993, 683, 258-7Harris WS et al., Effect of fish oil on VLDL triglyceride kinetics in man, J Lipid Res 1990, 31 1549-58McLennan PL, Relative effects of dietary saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids on cardiac arrhythmias in rats, Am J Clin Nutr, 1993, 57, 207-12Charnock, JS, Antiarrhythmic effects of fish oils, World rev Nutr Diet, 1991, 66 278-91Berry EM, Hirsch J., Does dietary linolenic acid influence blood pressure? Am J Clin Nutr, 1986, 44 336-40Simopoulos, AP., Omega-3 Fatty acids in inflammation and autoimmune diseases, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 2002, vol 21(6), 495-505Maes M et al., Fatty acid composition in major depression decreased omega-3 fractions in cholesteryl esters, J scratch Disord, 1996, 38, 35-46